Advances in Nanomedicine for Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Abstract

Nanomedicine has become a revolutionary approach to the management of neurological conditions, providing the innovative means of addressing the flaws of the traditional treatment methods. The review concentrates on preclinical animal research, emphasizing on the progress of nanoparticles-based delivery systems, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers and nanogels, which have the potential to increase the drug transport across the blood-brain barrier, specific brain targeting, and controlled, sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. The main results indicate that functionalized nanoparticles are able to suppress neuroinflammatory signals, eliminate reactive oxygen species, and prevent neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, and thus enhance the cognitive and motor outcomes in models of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Although these are encouraging findings, there are still issues to deal with, including long-term safety, biocompatibility, scalability of synthesis, and translational feasibility, which means that further studies must be performed to maximize the effectiveness and enable a clinical implementation. Although, comprehensive, preclinical data highlights the potential of nanomedicine as a means of transforming treatment approaches to central nervous system disease so that more specific, effective, and safer treatment approaches can be provided in the future.