Emerging Therapeutic Approaches in Prostate Cancer Management

Abstract

Prostate cancer is also a major contributor of cancer morbidity and mortality in men all over the world, and this issue has necessitated the innovation of effective and novel treatment modalities. The review is based on recently developed methods that were tested in preclinical animal models, such as nanomedicine-based targeted delivery systems, immunotherapies, gene-editing interventions, and natural phytochemicals. The rodent and murine studies have provided evidence that these strategies have the potential to improve tumor specificity, increase the bioavailability of drugs, overcome the problem of multidrug resistance, and minimize systemic toxicity in comparison to other conventional treatment methods. The combination and multi-targeted interventions especially the ones based on the incorporation of nanocarriers into chemotherapeutics or natural compounds exhibit a synergistic effect on anti-tumor activities and enhanced safety profiles. Although with good preclinical results, translational problems such as optimization of animal models, long-term safety and mechanistic knowledge have to be resolved before being used in clinical practice. Altogether, these new treatment methods provide a strong basis of safe, more effective, and personalized treatment of prostate cancer.